Taxacom: Fwd: Two or more authors: language

Thu Aug 7 00:35:53 CDT 2025

Thank you Tony and all!

I have no intention to insist on the use of "et" as they are indeed the
same thing.

Yet, the ampersand was introduced in many languages, and the use of "et" in
biological names emphasises that it is Latin. Besides "&" is also used in
citations, as we do it in a language we write, like Paramblyops rostrata
Holt et Tattersall, 1905 (Holt &/and/und Tattersall, 1905).

It is still a matter of taste, but everyone has their own reason to use
either of two. I am curious of those.

Sincerely,

Mikhail

On Thu, 7 Aug 2025, 07:56 Tony Rees via Taxacom, <taxacom at lists.ku.edu>
wrote:

> In my database of generic names (515,861 as at just now), a query for
> "authority includes &" yields 89,270 instances, of which I would expect a
> bit more than 80% (around 71,000+) to be zoological names and the balance
> either botanical (plants and plant algae, fungi, some bacteria i.e.
> Cyanophyceae) or other (mainly bacteria). So in theory I could change the
> botanical instances to say "et" instead of "&" but I do not see any user
> demand for that at this time - and probably never...
>
> Just to add another wrinkle, the bacteriologists appear to spell "and" out
> in full, e.g. see
> Acetonema Kane and Breznak 1992
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Flpsn.dsmz.de%2Fgenus%2Facetonema&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C218d031aa81d4a5393ad08ddd5744e32%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901417997009967%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C80000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=SBnzA9jfG6BIkPky4jIKoW8Jq3h4Syt4vGMUW3X9fy8%3D&reserved=0
>
> I represent that authority as "Kane & Breznak, 1992" for my purposes and
> for internal consistency across groups, see
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irmng.org%2Faphia.php%3Fp%3Dtaxdetails%26id%3D1292838&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C218d031aa81d4a5393ad08ddd5744e32%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901417997033667%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C80000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=H8HGcTFPSBzichT2RK7PiPBbNxFo1U4l3q6aPmGi860%3D&reserved=0.
>
> Regards - Tony
>
>
> On Thu, 7 Aug 2025 at 06:31, Krell,Frank <Frank.Krell at colostate.edu>
> wrote:
>
> > It would be weird if the ampersand were treated differently from et as it
> > is actually just a ligature of the letters e and t, admittedly a bit
> fancy,
> > but there are versions of the ampersand where its components e and t are
> > more clearly recognizable.
> >
> > Frank
> >
> > Dr. Frank-Thorsten Krell
> > Faculty Affiliate/Museum Associate
> > C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity
> > Colorado State University
> > Department of Agricultural Biology
> > 1177H Campus Delivery
> > Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
> > frank.krell at colostate.edu
> > Phone 720.308.0241
> > https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FFrank-Thorsten-Krell&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C218d031aa81d4a5393ad08ddd5744e32%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901417997043458%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C80000%7C%7C%7C&sdataudZriPjwgprlYhFIx%2FzUtppEI%2FsWNQioQvHurAmjM%3D&reserved=0
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> > https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmns.org%2Fscience%2Fresearch%2Fglobal-entomology-research%2F&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C218d031aa81d4a5393ad08ddd5744e32%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901417997068624%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C80000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=IdYoHqpf3V29JSPS%2BO5e21BTXqNtv45%2Ff5NYvK6F6I8%3D&reserved=0
> > https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmns.org%2Fscience%2Fresearch%2Fcolorado-entomology-research%2F&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C218d031aa81d4a5393ad08ddd5744e32%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901417997085369%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C80000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=7rXPqkJY6Kvz3QpdOLd1I8WY%2FVJHk9ldIIeyApmN1l0%3D&reserved=0
> > Regardless of the time I send this email, I do not expect you to read,
> > take any action, or reply to this email outside of your usual working
> hours.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------
> > *From:* Taxacom <taxacom-bounces at lists.ku.edu> on behalf of Tony Rees
> via
> > Taxacom <taxacom at lists.ku.edu>
> > *Sent:* Wednesday, August 6, 2025 2:04 PM
> > *To:* Francisco Welter-Schultes <fwelter at gwdg.de>
> > *Cc:* taxacom at lists.ku.edu <taxacom at lists.ku.edu>
> > *Subject:* Re: Taxacom: Fwd: Two or more authors: language
> >
> > ** Caution: EXTERNAL Sender **
> >
> > For completeness, here are the relevant paragraphs from the 2018
> (Shenzhen)
> > botanical Code or ICNafp. I do not know whether this has changed in the
> > most recent, Madrid Code (2025), which I believe was first published last
> > month (July) in hard copy but needs to be purchased (others may be able
> to
> > comment further). In summary: both "et" and "&" are acceptable in
> botanical
> > usage at present; whether this hides any change either away from or
> towards
> > usage of one or the other, I cannot say...
> >
> > - Tony
> >
> > From
> > https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iapt-taxon.org%2Fnomen%2Fpages%2Fmain%2Fart_46.html&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C218d031aa81d4a5393ad08ddd5744e32%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901417997097972%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C80000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=PhVSoCaNWB3x6qPMNH95B7amOsqc3OUWEjOX9pUspzc%3D&reserved=0:
> > <https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iapt-taxon.org%2Fnomen%2Fpages%2Fmain%2Fart_46.html&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C218d031aa81d4a5393ad08ddd5744e32%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901417997109599%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C80000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=zly299ibUvPU2KbClVugylGxT0pkqqyvjCO8djLsgaA%3D&reserved=0>
> >
> > Recommendation 46C
> >
> > *46C.1.* After a name published jointly by two authors, both authors
> should
> > be cited, linked by an ampersand (&) or by the word ?et?.
> >
> > *Ex.* *1.* *Didymopanax gleasonii* Britton & P. Wilson or *D.*
> > *gleasonii* Britton
> > et P. Wilson.
> >
> > *46C.2.* After a name published jointly by more than two authors, the
> > citation should be restricted to the first author followed by ?& al.? or
> > ?et al.?, except in the original publication.
> >
> > *Ex.* *2.* *Lapeirousia erythrantha* var. *welwitschii* (Baker) Geerinck,
> > Lisowski, Malaisse & Symoens (in Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 105: 336.
> > 1972) should be cited as *L.* *erythrantha* var. *welwitschii* (Baker)
> > Geerinck & al. or *L.* *erythrantha* var. *welwitschii* (Baker) Geerinck
> et
> > al.
> >
> >
> >
> > On Thu, 7 Aug 2025 at 03:07, Francisco Welter-Schultes via Taxacom <
> > taxacom at lists.ku.edu> wrote:
> >
> > > As Thomas pointed out, the Recommendation to cite all authors at least
> > > once in a work is discussed for being deleted in the next edition,
> > > because this depends on the individual situation, context, number of
> > > co-authors and editorial preferences.
> > >
> > > How is the pronounciation in the spoken languages?
> > >
> > > In German we say "Miller et al", just pronouncing "et" and "al" as if
> > > these were German words. This is an international standard expression
> > > and we just take it as such.
> > > If we read "&" we usually say "und", so reading "Miller & Hansen" we
> > > would usually say "Miller und Hansen".
> > >
> > > In French "and" translates "et", which is the same word as in Latin. So
> > > for French scientists citing autors in the form "Miller et Hansen"
> would
> > > just be the usual way.
> > >
> > > In German if we read "Miller et Hansen" this would provoke a conflict
> > > for the pronounciation. Some might be inclined to read "Miller et
> > > Hansen" (pronouncing "et" either in the German mode, or perhaps more
> > > likely in the French mode, "Miller e Hansen"). This might be one of the
> > > reasons why writing "&" is preferred in such situations. The & might be
> > > successful because people in either language are free to pronounce in
> > > their own way.
> > >
> > > Pronouncing "et al." is relatively simple - but how would we pronounce
> > > "& al."? Would we say "und al"? Perhaps not. I would personally treat
> > > this like an orthographic error and ignore the &, I would just read "et
> > > al".
> > >
> > > I am asking myself how many zoologists know what "al." means? Italians
> > > and Catalonians might just read "altri" or "altres". Also in Romanian
> > > and Greek "others" translates to a word starting with "al".
> > >
> > > I am not sufficiently firm in spoken English, and I wonder if there are
> > > differences in the pronounciation between British, North American,
> > > Australian or Indian English native speakers.
> > >
> > > Best wishes
> > > Francisco
> > >
> > > Am 06.08.2025 um 15:04 schrieb Thomas Pape via Taxacom:
> > > > Erikjan wrote: "[...] provided that all authors of the name are cited
> > in
> > > full elsewhere in the same work, either in the text or in a
> bibliographic
> > > reference."
> > > > Correct.
> > > > We have discussed this in the ongoing work on revising the zooCode
> and
> > > we may decide to propose that this part is omitted from the next
> version.
> > > > The word "provided" means that the Recommendation of "[first author]
> et
> > > al." depends on whether or not all authors are mentioned somewhere.
> Much
> > > depends on the individual situation (context, number of co-authors,
> > > editorial preferences, etc.).
> > > >
> > > > Alternatives like "Andersen, Hansen et al." or "Andersen, [21
> authors]
> > &
> > > Hansen" would be fully acceptable.
> > > >
> > > > Frederick wrote: "...and "&" "originated as a ligature of the letters
> > of
> > > the word et" - wikipedia."
> > > > Exactly, which shows that this is mainly about tradition. I have not
> > > seen "& al." being used, although it has the same meaning as "et al.".
> > > >
> > > > /Thomas
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Erikjan Rijkers <er at xs4all.nl>
> > > > Sent: 6. august 2025 14:40
> > > > To: Thomas Pape <tpape at snm.ku.dk>; Taxacom (taxacom at lists.ku.edu) <
> > > taxacom at lists.ku.edu>
> > > > Subject: Re: Taxacom: Fwd: Two or more authors: language
> > > >
> > > > [You don't often get email from er at xs4all.nl. Learn why this is
> > > important at https://aka.ms/LearnAboutSenderIdentification ]
> > > >
> > > > Op 8/6/25 om 14:21 schreef Thomas Pape via Taxacom:
> > > >> In zoological nomenclature, author citation and year of publication
> do
> > > not form part of the name of a taxon and their citation is optional,
> > > although customary.
> > > >>
> > > >> The zoo-Code has this Recommendation 51C. Citation of multiple
> > authors.
> > > When three or more joint authors have been responsible for a name, then
> > the
> > > citation of the name of the authors may be expressed by use of the term
> > "et
> > > al." following the name of the first author [...]. Note that this is
> not
> > a
> > > requirement. The choice of "[first author] et al." is based on the fact
> > > that this is the predominant practice in the taxonomic literature.
> > > >>
> > > >> The zoo-Code uses "&" in all Examples and Recommendations where
> > > situations with only two authors of a scientific name occur.
> > > >
> > > > And note that 'Recommendation 51C' also says:
> > > >
> > > > "[...] provided that all authors of the name are cited in full
> > elsewhere
> > > in the same work, either in the text or in a bibliographic reference."
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > Regards,
> > > >
> > > > Erikjan
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >> /Thomas Pape
> > > >>
> > > >>
> > > >>
> > > >> -----Original Message-----
> > > >> From: Taxacom <taxacom-bounces at lists.ku.edu> On Behalf Of Peter
> > > >> Phillipson via Taxacom
> > > >> Sent: 6. august 2025 13:36
> > > >> To: Taxacom (taxacom at lists.ku.edu) <taxacom at lists.ku.edu>; Tony
> Rees
> > > >> <tonyrees49 at gmail.com>; Mary Barkworth <Mary.Barkworth at usu.edu>
> > > >> Subject: Re: Taxacom: Fwd: Two or more authors: language
> > > >>
> > > >> An AI response to a query I just made after reading this exchange
> > > provided an interesting answer, but I am not suggesting that we should
> > > blindly follow what a machine suggests!
> > > >>
> > > >> - I copy and paste verbatim:
> > > >>
> > > >> Botanical Nomenclature: Governed by the International Code of
> > > Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN).
> > > >> Zoological Nomenclature: Governed by the International Code of
> > > Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN).
> > > >>
> > > >> Both codes emphasize stability and clarity, and et al. remains the
> > > accepted abbreviation when citing multiple authors. The ICZN, for
> > instance,
> > > does not allow changes like replacing et al. with & al. in formal
> naming.
> > > >> Unfortunately, there are no published quantitative statistics
> > comparing
> > > the frequency of "et al." vs "& al." or other variants in botanical or
> > > zoological literature. However, here are some qualitative observations:
> > > >>
> > > >>     *   Academic Journals and Databases (e.g., ZooBank, IPNI,
> > Tropicos)
> > > overwhelmingly use et al. in author citations.
> > > >>     *   "& al." is more likely to appear in:
> > > >>        *   Informal writing or older texts
> > > >>        *   Non-standardized databases or OCR-scanned documents
> > > >>     *   Trend Toward Simplification: In digital platforms and casual
> > > contexts, there's a mild tendency to drop Latin formalism, but this
> > hasn't
> > > penetrated formal nomenclature.
> > > >>
> > > >>
> > > >> ________________________________
> > > >> From: Taxacom <taxacom-bounces at lists.ku.edu> on behalf of Mary
> > > >> Barkworth via Taxacom <taxacom at lists.ku.edu>
> > > >> Sent: 06 August 2025 12:23 PM
> > > >> To: Taxacom (taxacom at lists.ku.edu) <taxacom at lists.ku.edu>; Tony
> Rees
> > > >> <tonyrees49 at gmail.com>
> > > >> Subject: Re: Taxacom: Fwd: Two or more authors: language
> > > >>
> > > >> I suspect many botanists are also moving to using "&". It is used by
> > > IPNI, Plants of the World Online, and World Flora Online. It is like
> > > Leguminosae and Fabaceae. They are equally acceptable, but today
> Fabaceae
> > > is the more frequently encountered in online resources.
> > > >>
> > > >> ________________________________
> > > >> From: Taxacom <taxacom-bounces at lists.ku.edu> on behalf of Tony Rees
> > > >> via Taxacom <taxacom at lists.ku.edu>
> > > >> Sent: Wednesday, August 6, 2025 2:25 AM
> > > >> To: Taxacom (taxacom at lists.ku.edu) <taxacom at lists.ku.edu>
> > > >> Subject: Taxacom: Fwd: Two or more authors: language
> > > >>
> > > >> My feeling (which I believe is correct) is that botanical tradition
> is
> > > to use a bit more Latin than zoological tradition (these days). So a
> > > botanical work is more likely to say (e.g.) Smith et Jones, 1905,
> while a
> > > zoological work would use Smith & Jones, 1905. For my compendium, which
> > > spans both botanical and zoological names (the latter outnumber the
> > former
> > > by around 4:1), I standardise everything to a single format, using "&"
> > and
> > > not "et"
> > > >> to link names together ("et al." being an exception).
> > > >>
> > > >> Tony Rees, New South Wales, Australia
> > > >>
> > https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.i%2F&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C218d031aa81d4a5393ad08ddd5744e32%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901417997119793%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C80000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=zBPo6TQO8QXWCV%2BDC1l%2Fx0zg8qzPCyFRhx8H%2FvB%2Flp4%3D&reserved=0
> > <https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.i%2F&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C218d031aa81d4a5393ad08ddd5744e32%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901417997130473%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C80000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=NX0G17TEQd3QoRbq%2B%2BiWRMO0aogrkFfaN8aoxxuhhk8%3D&reserved=0>
> > > >> rmng.org%2F&data%7C02%7Ctpape%40snm.ku.dk
> > %7C60bd8011513443ff93b408d
> > > >>
> dd4e66c34%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%7C0%7C0%7C638900808294378
> > > >>
> 224%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMC
> > > >>
> IsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata> > > >> YLVhD7BDeDM8i3zQ9Fkan%2BN2E72HnREyfpXiqI8vk0k%3D&reserved=0<
> > https://eu
> > > >>
> > r02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irmng.org%2
> > > >> F&data%7C02%7Ctpape%40snm.ku.dk
> > %7C60bd8011513443ff93b408ddd4e66c34%
> > > >>
> 7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%7C0%7C0%7C638900808294397669%7CUnkn
> > > >>
> own%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJX
> > > >>
> aW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=dqLKdPxYM%
> > > >> 2BXgNRSjtWKjLHj%2FbPVeIOflqvR6rifu%2FDE%3D&reserved=0>
> > > >>
> > > >>
> > > >> On Wed, 6 Aug 2025 at 17:08, Mikhail Daneliya via Taxacom <
> > > taxacom at lists.ku.edu> wrote:
> > > >>
> > > >>> Dear colleagues,
> > > >>>
> > > >>> In cases when there are two or more authors for a taxon I have been
> > > >>> using "et" instead of common "&" or "and" to harmonize the
> language.
> > > >>> For example, Paramblyops rostrata Holt et Tattersall, 1905, instead
> > > >>> of Paramblyops rostrata Holt & Tattersall, 1905.
> > > >>> What do you think?
> > > >>> Should it be used in the same format, like it was used originally?
> Or
> > > >>> can it be freely modified? Can it be used for newly names?
> > > >>>
> > > >>> I hope I made it clear.
> > > >>>
> > > >>> Thank you!
> > > >>>
> > > >>> Mikhail Daneliya
> > > >>> _______________________________________________
> > > >>> Taxacom Mailing List
> > > >>>
> > > >>> Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for 38 years, 1987-2025.
> > > >>>
> > > >>> Send Taxacom mailing list submissions to: taxacom at lists.ku.edu For
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> > > >>> s.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data%7C02%7Ctpape%40snm.ku.dk
> > %7C3273
> > > >>> d
> > > >>>
> e6fe0ef48a0676908ddd4dd64f9%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%7C0%7C
> > > >>> 0
> > > >>>
> %7C638900769528457552%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWU
> > > >>> s
> > > >>>
> IlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%
> > > >>> 7
> > > >>>
> C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=AhK4YDR1TIxIcT41T3ov6S0P4LGAmr5I39sv9k36JZA%3D&rese
> > > >>> r
> > > >>> ved=0<
> > https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%252F&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C218d031aa81d4a5393ad08ddd5744e32%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901417997140431%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C80000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=uMWwtgkGJSGF4sM%2FYnnFjVM8y4gdlq5oxRu2MHtYgcU%3D&reserved=0
> > > >>> %25
> > > >>> 2Flists.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data%7C02%7Ctpape%
> 40snm.ku.dk
> > %
> > > >>> 7
> > > >>>
> C3273de6fe0ef48a0676908ddd4dd64f9%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%
> > > >>> 7
> > > >>>
> C0%7C0%7C638900769528474593%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiO
> > > >>> n
> > > >>>
> RydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%
> > > >>> 3
> > > >>>
> D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata$mTxf9rPFKm2UAHS6zcMo7J3GlNDXuh%2BSaRK80OfY4
> > > >>> % 3D&reserved=0> You can reach the person managing the list at:
> > > >>> taxacom-owner at lists.ku.edu
> > > >>>
> > > >>>
> > > >>>
> > > >> _______________________________________________
> > > >> Taxacom Mailing List
> > > >>
> > > >> Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for 38 years, 1987-2025.
> > > >>
> > > >> Send Taxacom mailing list submissions to: taxacom at lists.ku.edu For
> > > >> list information; to subscribe or unsubscribe, visit:
> > > >> https://list/
> > > >> s.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data%7C02%7Ctpape%40snm.ku.dk
> > %7C60bd8
> > > >>
> 011513443ff93b408ddd4e66c34%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%7C0%7C0
> > > >>
> %7C638900808294418674%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUs
> > > >>
> IlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7
> > > >>
> C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=9JLtB8xechT8HJ9hOzPqE8Rcpq%2F7Kow2QHbBF5kbU14%3D&res
> > > >> erved=0<
> > >
> > https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%25252&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C218d031aa81d4a5393ad08ddd5744e32%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901417997151777%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C80000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=hAqjpCM78eXtj2lrkYg75tmQg9XOO1JcYpdKpNjXhP4%3D&reserved=0
> > <https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%25252&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C218d031aa81d4a5393ad08ddd5744e32%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901417997164644%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C80000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=aHV4yuU2R2T%2B%2B87VF2QxNWie%2Bjls3rg84L5t4Y4qsio%3D&reserved=0>
> > > >> F%2Flists.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data%7C02%7Ctpape%
> > 40snm.ku.dk
> > > >>
> %7C60bd8011513443ff93b408ddd4e66c34%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91
> > > >>
> %7C0%7C0%7C638900808294435682%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGki
> > > >>
> OnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ
> > > >>
> %3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=8xHOwWGKez7smfCZ2zmLMBv1zq2Gznc0pawOr3UW1UE%
> > > >> 3D&reserved=0> You can reach the person managing the list at:
> > > >> taxacom-owner at lists.ku.edu
> > > >>
> > > >>
> > > >> _______________________________________________
> > > >> Taxacom Mailing List
> > > >>
> > > >> Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for 38 years, 1987-2025.
> > > >>
> > > >> Send Taxacom mailing list submissions to: taxacom at lists.ku.edu For
> > > >> list information; to subscribe or unsubscribe, visit:
> > > >> https://list/
> > > >> s.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data%7C02%7Ctpape%40snm.ku.dk
> > %7C60bd8
> > > >>
> 011513443ff93b408ddd4e66c34%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%7C0%7C0
> > > >>
> %7C638900808294450934%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUs
> > > >>
> IlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7
> > > >>
> C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=cr6C8Ix3YGeyv7vX5jvBPFfYuVeOXlLTCEBBe%2FLcydM%3D&res
> > > >> erved=0<
> > >
> > https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%25252&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C218d031aa81d4a5393ad08ddd5744e32%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901417997175732%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C80000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=RHq5dl%2FQdV1cfDxsEtiV8TIQBd19Nsu0Osdjj7iBGOU%3D&reserved=0
> > <https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%25252&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C218d031aa81d4a5393ad08ddd5744e32%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901417997187230%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C80000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=dOUsO%2B%2F3hy0oI4gPxjZjlEArCorotHk11IgOhzxh7D8%3D&reserved=0>
> > > >> F%2Flists.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data%7C02%7Ctpape%
> > 40snm.ku.dk
> > > >>
> %7C60bd8011513443ff93b408ddd4e66c34%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91
> > > >>
> %7C0%7C0%7C638900808294464845%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGki
> > > >>
> OnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ
> > > >>
> %3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=oqaQ5cBqlwigSkaOpEHWjAfK22hE7xk6dsRqWTgiVeo%
> > > >> 3D&reserved=0> You can reach the person managing the list at:
> > > >> taxacom-owner at lists.ku.edu
> > > >>
> > > >>
> > > >> _____________________________ SECURITY WARNING: This email
> originated
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> > > links/attachments or enter login credentials. If in doubt, please
> contact
> > > IT Support by opening a ticket at itsupport at mobot.org or call
> > > 314-577-0895.
> > > >> _______________________________________________
> > > >> Taxacom Mailing List
> > > >>
> > > >> Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for 38 years, 1987-2025.
> > > >>
> > > >> Send Taxacom mailing list submissions to: taxacom at lists.ku.edu For
> > > >> list information; to subscribe or unsubscribe, visit:
> > > >> https://list/
> > > >> s.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data%7C02%7Ctpape%40snm.ku.dk
> > %7C60bd8
> > > >>
> 011513443ff93b408ddd4e66c34%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%7C0%7C0
> > > >>
> %7C638900808294478698%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUs
> > > >>
> IlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7
> > > >>
> C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=bqjgd0HQzSiAfhxFX0kFHj2kQVXhsqr0wKWWemBmhUI%3D&reser
> > > >> ved=0 You can reach the person managing the list at:
> > > >> taxacom-owner at lists.ku.edu
> > > >>
> > > >>
> > > >> _______________________________________________
> > > >> Taxacom Mailing List
> > > >>
> > > >> Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for 38 years, 1987-2025.
> > > >>
> > > >> Send Taxacom mailing list submissions to: taxacom at lists.ku.edu For
> > > >> list information; to subscribe or unsubscribe, visit:
> > > >> https://list/
> > > >> s.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data%7C02%7Ctpape%40snm.ku.dk
> > %7C60bd8
> > > >>
> 011513443ff93b408ddd4e66c34%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%7C0%7C0
> > > >>
> %7C638900808294492591%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUs
> > > >>
> IlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7
> > > >>
> C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=OLPTMRBTcZtZnfFNT%2BklTaruSmkJdvAjnCyluj%2FmFt0%3D&r
> > > >> eserved=0 You can reach the person managing the list at:
> > > >> taxacom-owner at lists.ku.edu
> > > >>
> > > >>
> > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > Taxacom Mailing List
> > > >
> > > > Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for 38 years, 1987-2025.
> > > >
> > > > Send Taxacom mailing list submissions to: taxacom at lists.ku.edu
> > > > For list information; to subscribe or unsubscribe, visit:
> > >
> > https://lists.ku.edu/listinfo/taxacom
> > <https://lists.ku.edu/listinfo/taxacom>
> > > > You can reach the person managing the list at:
> > > taxacom-owner at lists.ku.edu
> > > >
> > > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Taxacom Mailing List
> > >
> > > Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for 38 years, 1987-2025.
> > >
> > > Send Taxacom mailing list submissions to: taxacom at lists.ku.edu
> > > For list information; to subscribe or unsubscribe, visit:
> > >
> > https://lists.ku.edu/listinfo/taxacom
> > <https://lists.ku.edu/listinfo/taxacom>
> > > You can reach the person managing the list at:
> > taxacom-owner at lists.ku.edu
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Taxacom Mailing List
> >
> > Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for 38 years, 1987-2025.
> >
> > Send Taxacom mailing list submissions to: taxacom at lists.ku.edu
> > For list information; to subscribe or unsubscribe, visit:
> > https://lists.ku.edu/listinfo/taxacom
> > <https://lists.ku.edu/listinfo/taxacom>
> > You can reach the person managing the list at:
> taxacom-owner at lists.ku.edu
> >
> >
> >
> _______________________________________________
> Taxacom Mailing List
>
> Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for 38 years, 1987-2025.
>
> Send Taxacom mailing list submissions to: taxacom at lists.ku.edu
> For list information; to subscribe or unsubscribe, visit:
> https://lists.ku.edu/listinfo/taxacom
> You can reach the person managing the list at: taxacom-owner at lists.ku.edu
>
>
>