Taxacom: Fwd: Two or more authors: language

Wed Aug 6 23:56:04 CDT 2025

In my database of generic names (515,861 as at just now), a query for
"authority includes &" yields 89,270 instances, of which I would expect a
bit more than 80% (around 71,000+) to be zoological names and the balance
either botanical (plants and plant algae, fungi, some bacteria i.e.
Cyanophyceae) or other (mainly bacteria). So in theory I could change the
botanical instances to say "et" instead of "&" but I do not see any user
demand for that at this time - and probably never...

Just to add another wrinkle, the bacteriologists appear to spell "and" out
in full, e.g. see
Acetonema Kane and Breznak 1992
https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Flpsn.dsmz.de%2Fgenus%2Facetonema&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C3745469bf0544fb60f8a08ddd56ebfa7%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901394008616775%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C60000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=mZJon6jnoyIoFZRfg2THIpSF9m3HrNnjizUQ0snQ5DQ%3D&reserved=0

I represent that authority as "Kane & Breznak, 1992" for my purposes and
for internal consistency across groups, see
https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irmng.org%2Faphia.php%3Fp%3Dtaxdetails%26id%3D1292838&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C3745469bf0544fb60f8a08ddd56ebfa7%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901394012968401%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C60000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=BleqxRgoiY9fq84%2F8wFOKUk8Qn81p9gyKX6%2BLwMREaE%3D&reserved=0.

Regards - Tony

On Thu, 7 Aug 2025 at 06:31, Krell,Frank <Frank.Krell at colostate.edu> wrote:

> It would be weird if the ampersand were treated differently from et as it
> is actually just a ligature of the letters e and t, admittedly a bit fancy,
> but there are versions of the ampersand where its components e and t are
> more clearly recognizable.
>
> Frank
>
> Dr. Frank-Thorsten Krell
> Faculty Affiliate/Museum Associate
> C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity
> Colorado State University
> Department of Agricultural Biology
> 1177H Campus Delivery
> Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
> frank.krell at colostate.edu
> Phone 720.308.0241
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FFrank-Thorsten-Krell&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C3745469bf0544fb60f8a08ddd56ebfa7%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901394012983317%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C60000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=FRuHoDej424eDaMzi6Eg%2FBAHMpARK0FDcEls1BCeJU4%3D&reserved=0
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fcitations%3Fuser%3Da5mPMOQAAAAJ%26hl%3Den&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C3745469bf0544fb60f8a08ddd56ebfa7%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901394012997567%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C60000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=L8RjlD%2FdO68PKkpX9%2F9pgPylKfYTCN0AOJan1TFLfjU%3D&reserved=0
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmns.org%2Fscience%2Fresearch%2Fglobal-entomology-research%2F&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C3745469bf0544fb60f8a08ddd56ebfa7%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901394013011549%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C60000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=uVEzYEtlmd5ILAmlmns3RZiLOQ%2BzTmCJdq4MPsmzR4Y%3D&reserved=0
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmns.org%2Fscience%2Fresearch%2Fcolorado-entomology-research%2F&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C3745469bf0544fb60f8a08ddd56ebfa7%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901394013027182%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C60000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=hZxbKp8SYdpyDcXGs9OvnFpsjzYppULEQ%2FtUIXg63Mw%3D&reserved=0
> Regardless of the time I send this email, I do not expect you to read,
> take any action, or reply to this email outside of your usual working hours.
>
>
>
>
>
> ------------------------------
> *From:* Taxacom <taxacom-bounces at lists.ku.edu> on behalf of Tony Rees via
> Taxacom <taxacom at lists.ku.edu>
> *Sent:* Wednesday, August 6, 2025 2:04 PM
> *To:* Francisco Welter-Schultes <fwelter at gwdg.de>
> *Cc:* taxacom at lists.ku.edu <taxacom at lists.ku.edu>
> *Subject:* Re: Taxacom: Fwd: Two or more authors: language
>
> ** Caution: EXTERNAL Sender **
>
> For completeness, here are the relevant paragraphs from the 2018 (Shenzhen)
> botanical Code or ICNafp. I do not know whether this has changed in the
> most recent, Madrid Code (2025), which I believe was first published last
> month (July) in hard copy but needs to be purchased (others may be able to
> comment further). In summary: both "et" and "&" are acceptable in botanical
> usage at present; whether this hides any change either away from or towards
> usage of one or the other, I cannot say...
>
> - Tony
>
> From
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iapt-taxon.org%2Fnomen%2Fpages%2Fmain%2Fart_46.html&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C3745469bf0544fb60f8a08ddd56ebfa7%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901394013041246%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C60000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=0ttxImV%2F7dBJQoy47js4D2LXmvNDb%2B%2FanhujMyEyJeg%3D&reserved=0:
> <https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iapt-taxon.org%2Fnomen%2Fpages%2Fmain%2Fart_46.html&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C3745469bf0544fb60f8a08ddd56ebfa7%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901394013055015%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C60000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=pe4thDnAJlI8U0ueE%2FM6Z85RfK0APxzKj7u%2BOTUKG0Q%3D&reserved=0>
>
> Recommendation 46C
>
> *46C.1.* After a name published jointly by two authors, both authors should
> be cited, linked by an ampersand (&) or by the word ?et?.
>
> *Ex.* *1.* *Didymopanax gleasonii* Britton & P. Wilson or *D.*
> *gleasonii* Britton
> et P. Wilson.
>
> *46C.2.* After a name published jointly by more than two authors, the
> citation should be restricted to the first author followed by ?& al.? or
> ?et al.?, except in the original publication.
>
> *Ex.* *2.* *Lapeirousia erythrantha* var. *welwitschii* (Baker) Geerinck,
> Lisowski, Malaisse & Symoens (in Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 105: 336.
> 1972) should be cited as *L.* *erythrantha* var. *welwitschii* (Baker)
> Geerinck & al. or *L.* *erythrantha* var. *welwitschii* (Baker) Geerinck et
> al.
>
>
>
> On Thu, 7 Aug 2025 at 03:07, Francisco Welter-Schultes via Taxacom <
> taxacom at lists.ku.edu> wrote:
>
> > As Thomas pointed out, the Recommendation to cite all authors at least
> > once in a work is discussed for being deleted in the next edition,
> > because this depends on the individual situation, context, number of
> > co-authors and editorial preferences.
> >
> > How is the pronounciation in the spoken languages?
> >
> > In German we say "Miller et al", just pronouncing "et" and "al" as if
> > these were German words. This is an international standard expression
> > and we just take it as such.
> > If we read "&" we usually say "und", so reading "Miller & Hansen" we
> > would usually say "Miller und Hansen".
> >
> > In French "and" translates "et", which is the same word as in Latin. So
> > for French scientists citing autors in the form "Miller et Hansen" would
> > just be the usual way.
> >
> > In German if we read "Miller et Hansen" this would provoke a conflict
> > for the pronounciation. Some might be inclined to read "Miller et
> > Hansen" (pronouncing "et" either in the German mode, or perhaps more
> > likely in the French mode, "Miller e Hansen"). This might be one of the
> > reasons why writing "&" is preferred in such situations. The & might be
> > successful because people in either language are free to pronounce in
> > their own way.
> >
> > Pronouncing "et al." is relatively simple - but how would we pronounce
> > "& al."? Would we say "und al"? Perhaps not. I would personally treat
> > this like an orthographic error and ignore the &, I would just read "et
> > al".
> >
> > I am asking myself how many zoologists know what "al." means? Italians
> > and Catalonians might just read "altri" or "altres". Also in Romanian
> > and Greek "others" translates to a word starting with "al".
> >
> > I am not sufficiently firm in spoken English, and I wonder if there are
> > differences in the pronounciation between British, North American,
> > Australian or Indian English native speakers.
> >
> > Best wishes
> > Francisco
> >
> > Am 06.08.2025 um 15:04 schrieb Thomas Pape via Taxacom:
> > > Erikjan wrote: "[...] provided that all authors of the name are cited
> in
> > full elsewhere in the same work, either in the text or in a bibliographic
> > reference."
> > > Correct.
> > > We have discussed this in the ongoing work on revising the zooCode and
> > we may decide to propose that this part is omitted from the next version.
> > > The word "provided" means that the Recommendation of "[first author] et
> > al." depends on whether or not all authors are mentioned somewhere. Much
> > depends on the individual situation (context, number of co-authors,
> > editorial preferences, etc.).
> > >
> > > Alternatives like "Andersen, Hansen et al." or "Andersen, [21 authors]
> &
> > Hansen" would be fully acceptable.
> > >
> > > Frederick wrote: "...and "&" "originated as a ligature of the letters
> of
> > the word et" - wikipedia."
> > > Exactly, which shows that this is mainly about tradition. I have not
> > seen "& al." being used, although it has the same meaning as "et al.".
> > >
> > > /Thomas
> > >
> > >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Erikjan Rijkers <er at xs4all.nl>
> > > Sent: 6. august 2025 14:40
> > > To: Thomas Pape <tpape at snm.ku.dk>; Taxacom (taxacom at lists.ku.edu) <
> > taxacom at lists.ku.edu>
> > > Subject: Re: Taxacom: Fwd: Two or more authors: language
> > >
> > > [You don't often get email from er at xs4all.nl. Learn why this is
> > important at https://aka.ms/LearnAboutSenderIdentification ]
> > >
> > > Op 8/6/25 om 14:21 schreef Thomas Pape via Taxacom:
> > >> In zoological nomenclature, author citation and year of publication do
> > not form part of the name of a taxon and their citation is optional,
> > although customary.
> > >>
> > >> The zoo-Code has this Recommendation 51C. Citation of multiple
> authors.
> > When three or more joint authors have been responsible for a name, then
> the
> > citation of the name of the authors may be expressed by use of the term
> "et
> > al." following the name of the first author [...]. Note that this is not
> a
> > requirement. The choice of "[first author] et al." is based on the fact
> > that this is the predominant practice in the taxonomic literature.
> > >>
> > >> The zoo-Code uses "&" in all Examples and Recommendations where
> > situations with only two authors of a scientific name occur.
> > >
> > > And note that 'Recommendation 51C' also says:
> > >
> > > "[...] provided that all authors of the name are cited in full
> elsewhere
> > in the same work, either in the text or in a bibliographic reference."
> > >
> > >
> > > Regards,
> > >
> > > Erikjan
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >> /Thomas Pape
> > >>
> > >>
> > >>
> > >> -----Original Message-----
> > >> From: Taxacom <taxacom-bounces at lists.ku.edu> On Behalf Of Peter
> > >> Phillipson via Taxacom
> > >> Sent: 6. august 2025 13:36
> > >> To: Taxacom (taxacom at lists.ku.edu) <taxacom at lists.ku.edu>; Tony Rees
> > >> <tonyrees49 at gmail.com>; Mary Barkworth <Mary.Barkworth at usu.edu>
> > >> Subject: Re: Taxacom: Fwd: Two or more authors: language
> > >>
> > >> An AI response to a query I just made after reading this exchange
> > provided an interesting answer, but I am not suggesting that we should
> > blindly follow what a machine suggests!
> > >>
> > >> - I copy and paste verbatim:
> > >>
> > >> Botanical Nomenclature: Governed by the International Code of
> > Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN).
> > >> Zoological Nomenclature: Governed by the International Code of
> > Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN).
> > >>
> > >> Both codes emphasize stability and clarity, and et al. remains the
> > accepted abbreviation when citing multiple authors. The ICZN, for
> instance,
> > does not allow changes like replacing et al. with & al. in formal naming.
> > >> Unfortunately, there are no published quantitative statistics
> comparing
> > the frequency of "et al." vs "& al." or other variants in botanical or
> > zoological literature. However, here are some qualitative observations:
> > >>
> > >>     *   Academic Journals and Databases (e.g., ZooBank, IPNI,
> Tropicos)
> > overwhelmingly use et al. in author citations.
> > >>     *   "& al." is more likely to appear in:
> > >>        *   Informal writing or older texts
> > >>        *   Non-standardized databases or OCR-scanned documents
> > >>     *   Trend Toward Simplification: In digital platforms and casual
> > contexts, there's a mild tendency to drop Latin formalism, but this
> hasn't
> > penetrated formal nomenclature.
> > >>
> > >>
> > >> ________________________________
> > >> From: Taxacom <taxacom-bounces at lists.ku.edu> on behalf of Mary
> > >> Barkworth via Taxacom <taxacom at lists.ku.edu>
> > >> Sent: 06 August 2025 12:23 PM
> > >> To: Taxacom (taxacom at lists.ku.edu) <taxacom at lists.ku.edu>; Tony Rees
> > >> <tonyrees49 at gmail.com>
> > >> Subject: Re: Taxacom: Fwd: Two or more authors: language
> > >>
> > >> I suspect many botanists are also moving to using "&". It is used by
> > IPNI, Plants of the World Online, and World Flora Online. It is like
> > Leguminosae and Fabaceae. They are equally acceptable, but today Fabaceae
> > is the more frequently encountered in online resources.
> > >>
> > >> ________________________________
> > >> From: Taxacom <taxacom-bounces at lists.ku.edu> on behalf of Tony Rees
> > >> via Taxacom <taxacom at lists.ku.edu>
> > >> Sent: Wednesday, August 6, 2025 2:25 AM
> > >> To: Taxacom (taxacom at lists.ku.edu) <taxacom at lists.ku.edu>
> > >> Subject: Taxacom: Fwd: Two or more authors: language
> > >>
> > >> My feeling (which I believe is correct) is that botanical tradition is
> > to use a bit more Latin than zoological tradition (these days). So a
> > botanical work is more likely to say (e.g.) Smith et Jones, 1905, while a
> > zoological work would use Smith & Jones, 1905. For my compendium, which
> > spans both botanical and zoological names (the latter outnumber the
> former
> > by around 4:1), I standardise everything to a single format, using "&"
> and
> > not "et"
> > >> to link names together ("et al." being an exception).
> > >>
> > >> Tony Rees, New South Wales, Australia
> > >>
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.i%2F&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C3745469bf0544fb60f8a08ddd56ebfa7%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901394013069291%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C60000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=sKxjQcNK2E7Cnik%2FyNeUPjnv%2B6N0hP0AMn8zTzodT%2FY%3D&reserved=0
> <https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.i%2F&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C3745469bf0544fb60f8a08ddd56ebfa7%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901394013083537%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C60000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=0j3Er1lsnF%2F0Uk%2B6BK2qd7M3BTmOx8Qnb2zMJe6ppGc%3D&reserved=0>
> > >> rmng.org%2F&data%7C02%7Ctpape%40snm.ku.dk
> %7C60bd8011513443ff93b408d
> > >> dd4e66c34%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%7C0%7C0%7C638900808294378
> > >> 224%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMC
> > >> IsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata> > >> YLVhD7BDeDM8i3zQ9Fkan%2BN2E72HnREyfpXiqI8vk0k%3D&reserved=0<
> https://eu
> > >>
> r02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irmng.org%2
> > >> F&data%7C02%7Ctpape%40snm.ku.dk
> %7C60bd8011513443ff93b408ddd4e66c34%
> > >> 7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%7C0%7C0%7C638900808294397669%7CUnkn
> > >> own%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJX
> > >> aW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=dqLKdPxYM%
> > >> 2BXgNRSjtWKjLHj%2FbPVeIOflqvR6rifu%2FDE%3D&reserved=0>
> > >>
> > >>
> > >> On Wed, 6 Aug 2025 at 17:08, Mikhail Daneliya via Taxacom <
> > taxacom at lists.ku.edu> wrote:
> > >>
> > >>> Dear colleagues,
> > >>>
> > >>> In cases when there are two or more authors for a taxon I have been
> > >>> using "et" instead of common "&" or "and" to harmonize the language.
> > >>> For example, Paramblyops rostrata Holt et Tattersall, 1905, instead
> > >>> of Paramblyops rostrata Holt & Tattersall, 1905.
> > >>> What do you think?
> > >>> Should it be used in the same format, like it was used originally? Or
> > >>> can it be freely modified? Can it be used for newly names?
> > >>>
> > >>> I hope I made it clear.
> > >>>
> > >>> Thank you!
> > >>>
> > >>> Mikhail Daneliya
> > >>> _______________________________________________
> > >>> Taxacom Mailing List
> > >>>
> > >>> Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for 38 years, 1987-2025.
> > >>>
> > >>> Send Taxacom mailing list submissions to: taxacom at lists.ku.edu For
> > >>> list information; to subscribe or unsubscribe, visit:
> > >>> https://list/
> > >>> s.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data%7C02%7Ctpape%40snm.ku.dk
> %7C3273
> > >>> d
> > >>> e6fe0ef48a0676908ddd4dd64f9%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%7C0%7C
> > >>> 0
> > >>> %7C638900769528457552%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWU
> > >>> s
> > >>> IlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%
> > >>> 7
> > >>> C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=AhK4YDR1TIxIcT41T3ov6S0P4LGAmr5I39sv9k36JZA%3D&rese
> > >>> r
> > >>> ved=0<
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%252F&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C3745469bf0544fb60f8a08ddd56ebfa7%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901394013097156%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C60000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=OMUmnaKOrUEUASr%2Bum2R83yBEezWotSDAcMDVDZB8yw%3D&reserved=0
> > >>> %25
> > >>> 2Flists.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data%7C02%7Ctpape%40snm.ku.dk
> %
> > >>> 7
> > >>> C3273de6fe0ef48a0676908ddd4dd64f9%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%
> > >>> 7
> > >>> C0%7C0%7C638900769528474593%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiO
> > >>> n
> > >>> RydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%
> > >>> 3
> > >>> D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata$mTxf9rPFKm2UAHS6zcMo7J3GlNDXuh%2BSaRK80OfY4
> > >>> % 3D&reserved=0> You can reach the person managing the list at:
> > >>> taxacom-owner at lists.ku.edu
> > >>>
> > >>>
> > >>>
> > >> _______________________________________________
> > >> Taxacom Mailing List
> > >>
> > >> Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for 38 years, 1987-2025.
> > >>
> > >> Send Taxacom mailing list submissions to: taxacom at lists.ku.edu For
> > >> list information; to subscribe or unsubscribe, visit:
> > >> https://list/
> > >> s.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data%7C02%7Ctpape%40snm.ku.dk
> %7C60bd8
> > >> 011513443ff93b408ddd4e66c34%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%7C0%7C0
> > >> %7C638900808294418674%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUs
> > >> IlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7
> > >> C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=9JLtB8xechT8HJ9hOzPqE8Rcpq%2F7Kow2QHbBF5kbU14%3D&res
> > >> erved=0<
> >
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%25252&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C3745469bf0544fb60f8a08ddd56ebfa7%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901394013110920%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C60000%7C%7C%7C&sdata$MUm%2BkXimp%2FuIbIb5RCYj85NAnktP%2Fa9fGxI6eRaJk%3D&reserved=0
> <https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%25252&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C3745469bf0544fb60f8a08ddd56ebfa7%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901394013124684%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C60000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=Cv9y9Iiqnkk9UEPo03N50L%2FeIs2YoFFmCsIPSupNKkU%3D&reserved=0>
> > >> F%2Flists.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data%7C02%7Ctpape%
> 40snm.ku.dk
> > >> %7C60bd8011513443ff93b408ddd4e66c34%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91
> > >> %7C0%7C0%7C638900808294435682%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGki
> > >> OnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ
> > >> %3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=8xHOwWGKez7smfCZ2zmLMBv1zq2Gznc0pawOr3UW1UE%
> > >> 3D&reserved=0> You can reach the person managing the list at:
> > >> taxacom-owner at lists.ku.edu
> > >>
> > >>
> > >> _______________________________________________
> > >> Taxacom Mailing List
> > >>
> > >> Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for 38 years, 1987-2025.
> > >>
> > >> Send Taxacom mailing list submissions to: taxacom at lists.ku.edu For
> > >> list information; to subscribe or unsubscribe, visit:
> > >> https://list/
> > >> s.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data%7C02%7Ctpape%40snm.ku.dk
> %7C60bd8
> > >> 011513443ff93b408ddd4e66c34%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%7C0%7C0
> > >> %7C638900808294450934%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUs
> > >> IlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7
> > >> C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=cr6C8Ix3YGeyv7vX5jvBPFfYuVeOXlLTCEBBe%2FLcydM%3D&res
> > >> erved=0<
> >
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%25252&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C3745469bf0544fb60f8a08ddd56ebfa7%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901394013138210%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C60000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=K6R2FC6Ul%2FBMx73vf0rbSVmvahjicBwcuCxeG%2F6RsEk%3D&reserved=0
> <https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Feur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%25252&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C3745469bf0544fb60f8a08ddd56ebfa7%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901394013151407%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C60000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=OAXi2tGmKYiTPWauNaFdgWh16U3sxYFJdc96frsuhOQ%3D&reserved=0>
> > >> F%2Flists.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data%7C02%7Ctpape%
> 40snm.ku.dk
> > >> %7C60bd8011513443ff93b408ddd4e66c34%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91
> > >> %7C0%7C0%7C638900808294464845%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGki
> > >> OnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ
> > >> %3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=oqaQ5cBqlwigSkaOpEHWjAfK22hE7xk6dsRqWTgiVeo%
> > >> 3D&reserved=0> You can reach the person managing the list at:
> > >> taxacom-owner at lists.ku.edu
> > >>
> > >>
> > >> _____________________________ SECURITY WARNING: This email originated
> > from outside of Missouri Botanical Garden. Please be careful when you
> click
> > links/attachments or enter login credentials. If in doubt, please contact
> > IT Support by opening a ticket at itsupport at mobot.org or call
> > 314-577-0895.
> > >> _______________________________________________
> > >> Taxacom Mailing List
> > >>
> > >> Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for 38 years, 1987-2025.
> > >>
> > >> Send Taxacom mailing list submissions to: taxacom at lists.ku.edu For
> > >> list information; to subscribe or unsubscribe, visit:
> > >> https://list/
> > >> s.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data%7C02%7Ctpape%40snm.ku.dk
> %7C60bd8
> > >> 011513443ff93b408ddd4e66c34%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%7C0%7C0
> > >> %7C638900808294478698%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUs
> > >> IlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7
> > >> C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=bqjgd0HQzSiAfhxFX0kFHj2kQVXhsqr0wKWWemBmhUI%3D&reser
> > >> ved=0 You can reach the person managing the list at:
> > >> taxacom-owner at lists.ku.edu
> > >>
> > >>
> > >> _______________________________________________
> > >> Taxacom Mailing List
> > >>
> > >> Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for 38 years, 1987-2025.
> > >>
> > >> Send Taxacom mailing list submissions to: taxacom at lists.ku.edu For
> > >> list information; to subscribe or unsubscribe, visit:
> > >> https://list/
> > >> s.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data%7C02%7Ctpape%40snm.ku.dk
> %7C60bd8
> > >> 011513443ff93b408ddd4e66c34%7Ca3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%7C0%7C0
> > >> %7C638900808294492591%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUs
> > >> IlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7
> > >> C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=OLPTMRBTcZtZnfFNT%2BklTaruSmkJdvAjnCyluj%2FmFt0%3D&r
> > >> eserved=0 You can reach the person managing the list at:
> > >> taxacom-owner at lists.ku.edu
> > >>
> > >>
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Taxacom Mailing List
> > >
> > > Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for 38 years, 1987-2025.
> > >
> > > Send Taxacom mailing list submissions to: taxacom at lists.ku.edu
> > > For list information; to subscribe or unsubscribe, visit:
> >
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Flists.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C3745469bf0544fb60f8a08ddd56ebfa7%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901394013164617%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C60000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=Pu5NWMxzuB32hiMCgxO9RI%2B69YwE%2BYfVJbFlpnNAMyE%3D&reserved=0
> <https://lists.ku.edu/listinfo/taxacom>
> > > You can reach the person managing the list at:
> > taxacom-owner at lists.ku.edu
> > >
> > >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Taxacom Mailing List
> >
> > Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for 38 years, 1987-2025.
> >
> > Send Taxacom mailing list submissions to: taxacom at lists.ku.edu
> > For list information; to subscribe or unsubscribe, visit:
> >
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Flists.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C3745469bf0544fb60f8a08ddd56ebfa7%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901394013180001%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C60000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=eHKOP0HFyJILwzKvlL0HjFI2qHhZiE0HrEvi2TjPRic%3D&reserved=0
> <https://lists.ku.edu/listinfo/taxacom>
> > You can reach the person managing the list at:
> taxacom-owner at lists.ku.edu
> >
> >
> >
> _______________________________________________
> Taxacom Mailing List
>
> Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for 38 years, 1987-2025.
>
> Send Taxacom mailing list submissions to: taxacom at lists.ku.edu
> For list information; to subscribe or unsubscribe, visit:
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Flists.ku.edu%2Flistinfo%2Ftaxacom&data%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C3745469bf0544fb60f8a08ddd56ebfa7%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638901394013193921%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C60000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=pysiEZWdEqOOeL5qwlLVVsTsSRzN63xHS6M80wE8qfI%3D&reserved=0
> <https://lists.ku.edu/listinfo/taxacom>
> You can reach the person managing the list at: taxacom-owner at lists.ku.edu
>
>
>