Taxacom: A nomenclatural puzzle - genus Galea Meyen,
1833 (mammal), preoccupied or not?
Francisco Welter-Schultes
fwelter at gwdg.de
Fri Dec 2 14:58:01 CST 2022
2022
Yes of course it is useful to inform that a name is in current usage,
even if it is a junior homonym of a previously established name, and
even if a new replacement name had been established. It is also useful
to indicate that a senior homonym is not used.
Best wishes
Francisco
Am 02.12.2022 um 09:17 schrieb Tony Rees:
> Francisco wrote:
>
>> An author after 1999 however
>> could have applied (or could still apply) Art. 23.9 if the conditions
>> were satisfied, and could have declared (could declare) Galea Meuschen,
>> 1787 as a nomen oblitum.
>
> Unfortunately then, with or without this situation, the same would have to
> be done for Galea Smith, 1817 as well in order for Galea Meyen, 1833 (the
> mammal, not the echinoderm[s]) to be available...
>
> On the other hand, IRMNG aspires to document current usage (in order to
> assist the in-practice assignment of names to taxa in biodiversity
> informatics situations) and if Galea Meyen, 1833 (the mammal) is in
> current use (the lack of citations for its proposed replacement would tend
> to support that) then this is a situation I would be inclined to
> acknowledge in some form at least... hece my suggested form/s of wording
> for selected earlier names such as "unused senior homonym" (I have met
> these before), and so on.
>
> Tony Rees, New South Wales, Australia
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fabout.me%2FTonyRees&data=05%7C01%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7C545aa217da2242d7037708dad4a7e1c7%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638056114767045833%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=pMo%2F%2FS3kyy9vQdQuJ1BjzGe8wh%2BNLQTF5%2F3o1pIN1LM%3D&reserved=0
>
>
> On Fri, 2 Dec 2022 at 11:20, Francisco Welter-Schultes via Taxacom <
> taxacom at lists.ku.edu> wrote:
>
>> The availability of a work for nomenclatural purposes can only be judged
>> from either the work itself, or from a ruling published by the
>> Commission. Subsequently published views by authors can be taken into
>> account, but I would not regard them as decisive.
>>
>> The use of italics did not follow commonly accepted conventions in these
>> times. In the French text the genera abbreviations were given in italics.
>>
>> To me it seems unlikely that Meuschen intended to regard only the
>> specific name alone as the name to be used for a species. If so,
>> Meuschen would have used uninominal names for the species. In such an
>> approach Meuschen would not have repeatedly used the same specific names
>> (ater, flavus etc.) in different genera.
>>
>> See also p. 90, in the insect chapter Meuschen occasionally compared his
>> species with similar species of different genera (No. 305 Rhagium
>> Ornatum = Rhagium ornatum Fabricius, 1775, No. 314 Chrysomela Polygina
>> (sic) = Chrysomela polygoni Linnaeus, 1758). At these occasions Meuschen
>> used binominal names unambiguously.
>>
>>
>>> Page 478: B. Cucullus planus
>>
>> this would read Balanus cucullus planus, with reference to "Linn. 13.",
>> = Linn? 1767: 1108, No. 13 Lepas diadema. Meuschen explained that this
>> species differed from the previously listed species Balanus diadema,
>> hence Meuschen intended B. cucullus planus as a new name. It was not
>> intended to represent a subspecies (no species B. cucullus was known),
>> and the two words cucullus and planus referred obviously to Balanus. The
>> French name was given as G. [Gland de Mer] Turban de Mer platte, where
>> "platte" referred clearly to the generic name, not to "Turban de Meer".
>> So Balanus cucullus planus was a polynominal name.
>>
>>> Page 480: A. Bardana maxim?
>>
>> Should read maxima, the "a" is not well printed, but for ? ligature
>> which would cover more space see p. 481 No. 1873.
>> Anadema bardana maxima, looks like a polynominal name to me. Not a
>> variety or subspecies because there was no name A. bardana.
>>
>>> Page 485: C. Ovum Marinum
>> 486.
>> The word marinum seems to refer to ovum, = marine egg, this meaning is
>> also suggested by the French translation, single entity, should be
>> binominal, Cordiformis ovummarinum.
>>
>>> Page 496: M. Pileus Neptuni
>> Single entity, see the French translation, Bonnet de Neptune, to be
>> united to Madrepora pileusneptuni. Binominal name, no violation of the
>> Code. Taken from Seba 1761, as cited by Linn? 1767: 1273, Seba had given
>> that name Pileus neptuni to the species, Meuschen took this name as a
>> single entity and placed it as a specific name in the genus Madrepora.
>> Valid procedure.
>>
>>> Page 508: M. Rotundo stellata
>> Compound name, with connecting vowel -o-, to be united to
>> rotundostellata, name should be binominal.
>>
>> Some other candidate polynominal names I found:
>>
>> p. 288 Trochus
>> T. Solaris verus, T. Solaris spurius
>> Referred to Trochus solaris Linn?, 1764, both names not listed by
>> Sherborn 1902, but could be interpreted as two distinct subspecies (or
>> varieties) of T. solaris.
>>
>> p. 314
>> P. Grana punctulata
>>
>> p. 318 Muriciformis
>> M. Cornutus tuberculatus
>> Could be regarded as a subspecies/variety of Murex cornutus Linnaeus, 1758.
>> No. 694 M. Ficus Tarnatanus, No. 695 M. Tarnatanus, both refer to "Linn.
>> 556" = Murex aruanus. Sherborn (1902) listed this name as Muriciformis
>> ficus-tarnatanus.
>> No. 698, 699 M. Clava muricata, obviously polynominal and not a
>> subspecific name, there was no name M. clava.
>>
>> p. 324 Murex
>> M. Sjanko perversus, M. Sjanko ramosus, M. Sjanko tuberculatus,
>> Sherborn 1902 interpreted these as a species Murex sjanko with 3 varieties.
>>
>> p. 326 Murex
>> M. Musicus granulatus
>> Taken from Voluta musica as listed by Linn? 1767: 1194, No. 427. Could
>> have referred to a subspecies or variety.
>>
>> p. 334 Murex
>> M. Mitra Cardinalis, M. Mitra Epicopalis
>> Meuschen used these names for subspecies, or varieties, Murex mitra
>> cardinalis was a new name, Murex mitra epicopalis was a subsequent usage
>> of Voluta mitra episcopalis Linnaeus, 1758, established originally as a
>> subspecies.
>> the example shows that Meuschen seems to have understood the difference
>> between a species and a subspecies/variety.
>>
>> See also p. 330, Murex papalis with reference to Linn? 1767: 1194, No.
>> 426, there presented as Voluta mitra papalis (a subspecies). Here
>> Meuschen elevated the Linnean subspecies to species rank.
>>
>> p. 424: Ostrea
>> O. Crista Galli, subsequent usage of Mytilus cristagalli Linnaeus, 1758,
>> original spelling M. Crista galli. Compound name, single entity.
>> O. Crista ramosa, new. It is obvious that Meuschen misunderstood the
>> Linnean name, and thought either that it was a subspecies or a third
>> name could be selected to denote a species. Polynominal name.
>>
>> p. 442: Cardium
>> C. Fragum granulatum, could have referred to a subspecies of Cardium
>> fragum Linnaeus, 1758. Listed by Sherborn (1902) as Cardium
>> fragum-granulatum.
>>
>> p. 462 Tellina
>> No. 1766 T. Rosea pallida, could have been intended as a subspecies of
>> T. Rosea (No. 1765), but looks rather like an error.
>>
>> p. 474 Solen
>> No. 1854 S. Siliqua punctata, Meuschen compared with No. 1653 S. Siliqua
>> and explained that this was probably a variety.
>>
>> I see only relatively few clearly polynominal names. The proportion
>> seems very low, compared to the number of correctly formed binominal names.
>> Also several clearly binominal works of this epoch contain some few
>> polynominal names inside long accounts of species.
>>
>> If names are currently in use from this work, I would not talk of
>> unavailable names. The work is not on the Official Index. I would talk
>> of different opinions in the community concerning its availability for
>> nomenclature. Unless the Commissiomn publishes a ruling, both approaches
>> seem to be tenable.
>>
>> So for me the answer to Tony's question would be:
>> If Galea Meuschen, 1787 is the oldest homonym, and is neither suppressed
>> nor its work on the Official Index, a new replacement name for a junior
>> homonym would be justified from this point. An author after 1999 however
>> could have applied (or could still apply) Art. 23.9 if the conditions
>> were satisfied, and could have declared (could declare) Galea Meuschen,
>> 1787 as a nomen oblitum.
>>
>> Best wishes
>> Francisco
>>
>>
>>> I suppose the instances of two specific names could be interpreted as
>> falling within binominal nomenclature because to the extent that they both
>> refer descriptively to the generic name, but only the specific name (or
>> names) is (are) put in italics, which perhaps is an indication that
>> Meuschen did not apply a binominal system where species are denoted by a
>> combination of two names.
>>> I still think Meuschen (1787) is to be interpreted as not consistently
>> binominal.
>>>
>>> /Thomas
>>>
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: Taxacom <taxacom-bounces at lists.ku.edu> On Behalf Of Laurent Raty
>> via Taxacom
>>> Sent: 1. december 2022 10:40
>>> To: taxacom at lists.ku.edu
>>> Subject: Taxacom: [KU SUSPECT SPAM] Re: A nomenclatural puzzle - genus
>> Galea Meyen, 1833 (mammal), preoccupied or not?
>>>
>>> Meuschen did not use fully consistently uninominal names for his genera.
>>> In particular, his "GENUS LVIII. DISCI TRANSFIXI." (p. 490) is the
>> plural of "Discus transfixus", meaning "the Pierced Disks". (All of
>> Meuschen's genus names occur only in the plural in headers, and reduced to
>> an initial letter in species names.) Pretending that the plural ending of
>> the adjective in a nominal group like "Disci transfixi" can be "corrected"
>> to the singular, while leaving the plural noun (which this adjective agrees
>> with) untouched -- thereby producing an improbable "Discitransfixus" --,
>> is... well, odd.
>>>
>>>
>>> An analysis of the ornithological part of Meuschen's work (pp. 38-65)
>> was published in 1926 by Gregory Mathews (who did not discuss Meuschen's
>> application of binominal nomenclature, and may indeed not have had a very
>> close look at the rest of the work) -
>>>
>>> Mathews GM. 1926. Another new book, which necessitates changes in
>> nomenclature. Austral Avian Record, 5: 81-100.
>>>
>>> Mathews' opinions on some of Meuschen's names were since (partly)
>> followed. One of Meuschen's species names, Rallus cinereus Meuschen 1787
>> (p. 40), was used to displace Gracula carunculata Gmelin 1788, and is now
>> Creatophora cinerea (Meuschen 1787). Another name, Tanagra atra Meuschen
>> 1787 (p. 52), was used to displace a junior primary homonym, Tanagra atra
>> Gmelin 1789, which gave way to Tanagra melanopis Latham 1790, now
>> Schistochlamys melanopis (Latham 1790). However, despite Mathews'
>> suggestion that it had to, Trochilus smaragdinus Meuschen 1787 (p. 48) did
>> not displace Trochilus smaragdinus Gould 1846, which remains used as
>> Aglaiocercus kingii smaragdinus (Gould 1846).
>>>
>>>
>>> Cheers, Laurent -
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On 12/1/22 02:09, Francisco Welter-Schultes via Taxacom wrote:
>>>> Dear Thomas,
>>>> From where exactly did you extract the impression that Meuschen (1787)
>>>> did not consistently apply the Principle of Binominal Nomenclature?
>>>>
>>>> Best wishes
>>>> Francisco
>>>>
>>>> Am 30.11.2022 um 23:23 schrieb Thomas Pape via Taxacom:
>>>>> From looking at the work by Meuschen (1787), I get the impression
>>>>> that he did not consistently apply the Principle of Binominal
>>>>> Nomenclature, and that means that any names in that work are outside
>>>>> of zoological nomenclature (i.e., they are unavailable).
>>>>>
>>>>> /Thomas
>>>>>
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