Taxacom: description of a new species as a replacement name

Wed Mar 13 17:55:14 CDT 2024

Dear Vazrick,

I agree with Adam and Francisco but want to add a few more details.

Yes, Kemal & Kocak (2005) provided an ultra-short description, but enough for Code compliance:
"Cigaritis uighurica ... is easily distinguished from related species in Turkey Cigaritis minima by its extremely larger size of the wings."
The species is indicated as new, a holotype is designated and its depository it given.
I could not find any evidence within the original paper of registration in ZooBank, but if there is a print edition on paper, the name is available.

The question asked was: 
"Does the description of a new species constitute a valid replacement for a preoccupied name?"

As explained by Francisco, this is a taxonomic problem.
The Code-compliant description of a new nominal species will make a name available [Cigaritis uighurica], and if the holotype of that nominal species is considered conspecific with the name-bearing type of the older nominal species with a preoccupied name [Cigaritis maxima (Staudinger, 1901)], then the younger name can be used as a substitute name (synonym). If there are no other synonyms, it will be the valid name for the species in question.

/Thomas

-----Original Message-----
From: Taxacom <taxacom-bounces at lists.ku.edu> On Behalf Of Francisco Welter-Schultes via Taxacom
Sent: 13. marts 2024 23:27
To: taxacom at lists.ku.edu
Subject: Re: Taxacom: description of a new species as a replacement name

Dear Vazrick,

To answer your question: basically yes, it does.

In paragraph 2 an important information is missing: I assume that Staudinger's maxima and Elwes's maxima are currently (or were in 2005 and 2007) placed in the same genus, so that maxima Staudinger, 1901 is/was considered a junior secondary homonym of maximus Elwes, 1893.

That said:

In zoology such a name is usually not called a "replacement name" (this is a botanical term, it means "nomen novum" there), but a "substitute name".
Kemal & Kocak (2005) could have proposed a "new replacement name" (this is the zoological term for "nomen novum") for C. ci. var. maxima Staudinger, 1901 (preoccupied by A. vulcanus var. maximus Elwes, 1893, considered to belong to the same genus), but they were not obligated to do that. They had the taxonomic freedom to propose a regular/normal/entirely new name with its own name-bearing type, being then a junior subjective synonym of C. ci. var. maxima Staudinger, 1901. 
If it is the oldest junior synonym for Staudinger's taxon, this name is to be used (as a substitute name).

This is largely the same answer as Adam gave, however Adam's expression "species that did not have an available name in a Code compliant manner" 
was not in line with the Code: C. ci. var. maxima Staudinger, 1901 is an available name, no matter if preoccupied or not. This should read "that did not have a name that could currently be used under the Code".

If this helps.

Best wishes
Francisco

-----
Francisco Welter-Schultes

Am 13.03.2024 um 22:42 schrieb nvazrick--- via Taxacom:
> Good day everyone,Here is a nomenclatural question for the Code geeks.
> 1. in 1901 Staudinger described ?Cigaritis Cilissa var. Maxima? from Turkey: ?Kurd. oc. (Malatya); Mesop. s. (Mardin)?. Syntypes, including 5 males and 3 females, are kept at the Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Universitaet.
> 2. The name maxima is preoccupied by Aphnaeus vulcanus var. maximus Elwes, 1893.
> 3. Recognizing this homonymy,?Kemal & Kocak (2005) described a new 
> species (not a replacement name), ?Cigaritis uighurica (sp. n.)? (Type 
> Locality: Malatya, Turkey), declared ?Synonyms: maxima Staudinger,1901 
> nec Elw.,1892?, provided a brief?description, designated a holotype 
> now deposited in CESA, and listed many paratypes, none of which were 
> selected from among the extant syntypes of maxima Staudinger. The 
> description of uighurica (in page 44) can be found here:?
> https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.a%2F&data=05%7C02%7Ctaxacom%40lists.ku.edu%7Cc980f10092294f5a84b008dc43b0a7e9%7C3c176536afe643f5b96636feabbe3c1a%7C0%7C0%7C638459673223893439%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=wCND3gqg9ZLjO5EbOhgOCmUUiEiGn%2FWTIUuIsPx0D8U%3D&reserved=0
> rchive.org%2Fdetails%2FCentreForEntomologicalStudiesAnkaraPriamus113&d
> ata=05%7C02%7Ctpape%40snm.ku.dk%7C945bca5c46d04a81c51608dc43acbb86%7Ca
> 3927f91cda14696af898c9f1ceffa91%7C0%7C0%7C638459656373486182%7CUnknown
> %7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJ
> XVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=j%2BdQbrK7mmGD3Tntt3Lcqj4zAxg7TE4SAn%2B
> lIcK%2FTxw%3D&reserved=0 4. Weidenhoffer & Bozano (Oct. 2007) proposed 
> the name ?ottostaudingeri (nom. nov.)? as the replacement name for maxima Staudinger, treating uighurica Kemal & Kocak as nomen nudum and a junior objective synonym of ottostaudingeri Weidenhoffer & Bozano 2007.
> 5. In an Errata corrige released soon after the latter publication, Weidenhoffer & Bozano (Nov. 2007) clarified that in fact uighurica cannot be considered a nomen nudum as the taxonomic act by Kemal & Kocak, however unsatisfactory, seemed to comply with relevant provisions of the ICZN and thus it should be recognized as the valid replacement name for maxima.
> Question: Does the description of a new species constitute a valid replacement for a preoccupied name?
> Thank you in advance,VN
> 
> ReferencesElwes, H. J. 1892. On Butterflies collected by Mr W. Doherty in Nega and Karen Hills and in Perak Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1892 (4): 637, pl. 43: fig. 5.
Kemal, M. & Ko?ak, A. O. 2005. Annotated Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Catak Valey ( Van Province, Turkey) Priamus 11 (3): 44.
Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. 1901. Catalog der Lepidopteren des Palearctischen Faunegebiets. Berlin: R. Friedlander and Sohn: 76.
Weidenhoffer, Z. & Bozano, G. C. 2007. Guide to the Butterflies of Palearctic Region: Lycaenidae Part III. Omnes Artes: 35.
> 
> 
> --
> Vazrick Nazari, PhD.Research Fellow, Biocultural DiversityDipartimento 
> di Biologia, Universit? Degli Studi di PadovaVia U. Bassi, n. 58/B
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Nurturing nuance while assailing ambiguity for about 37 years, 1987-2024.

Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will, To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. Tennyson, Ulysses.