Science and Organic Evolution

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Science is a cultural embodiment of the rational human tendency to seek
natural (as oppose to supernatural) explanations for observed phenomena. It
represents an effort to understand the Universe using empirical methods.
There are two fundamental assumptions of science. The first is the existence
of an objective reality independent of our perception; facts do exist. The
second is consistency; we must be sure that things will always behave the
same way under the same conditions. That is to say, we must have natural
(meaning not supernatural and not man-made) laws. To the extent that these
two assumptions can be challenged, science can be challenged.

Science deals in probable, rational explanations. We call these explanations
hypotheses or theories depending on their realm of application and the degree
to which their assumptions and predictions have been tested and verified.
These explanations are arrived at by problem solving; by the same kind of
reasoning used by Sherlock Holmes and a car mechanic. Not deduction (as
Holmes was fond of claiming) or induction (although induction is an essential
tool for scientific investigation), but abduction (a term coined Charles S.
Peirce), a kind of hypothetical induction. Given all the available,
objectively real facts concerning the anatomy, development, genetics,
mircroevolution, and fossil history of organisms, the best current
explanation is decent with modification.

Thus, we have the theory of organic evolution. Without that theory, many
facts that make no sense. It is simply the best explanation currently
available for what we can easily see.

Now, which species is related to which other species and by how much is
another matter and could well lead to nearly endless debate in some quarters.

Dave Williams
Dean of Science
Valencia Community College, East Campus
701 N. Econlockhatchee Trail
Orlando, FL 32825
407-299-5000 x2443
dwilliams at valenciacc.edu